The private sector in Egypt is the informal economy. It makes up most of the Gross Domestic Product (GPD) and employs most of the wage-earners. This sector, however, is characterized by activities of low productivity and limited developmental benefits. Most of these activities are motivated by seeking sustenance rather than by plans of development or accumulation.
Thirty-five years of neoliberal policies have nurtured and sustained the "patterns of poor development” that Morocco has gotten to know very well.
A close look at the phenomenon of the “women-mules”; the female smugglers who transport goods from the border crossing of “Ceuta”, the Moroccan city occupied by Spain, to all the...
Examining the parallel economy in Morocco by studying the slums in the cities’ outskirts, where misery, violence and despair are intertwined.
In Algeria, as elsewhere, the state is not less powerful than the informal market but it is dominated by interest groups that have no other aim than maintaining their control...
The article attempts to map the smuggling activities across the Egyptian borders, in all their different directions, routes, aspects and structure. It considers the geographic, social, political and economic morphologies...
Several attempts have been made to legalize the informal economy in Algeria through facilitating the integration of unregulated workers in the formal economy. However, success is yet to be achieved.
The term “parallel” becomes meaningless in some Tunisian regions. It is even cause for ridicule where formal economy itself has become “parallel”!
What did the widespread recognition of the Palestinian Bedouin of the Naqab as “indigenous people” under international law mean?
